Nchọpụta nyocha na polyurethanes na-abụghị
Kemgbe mmalite ha na 1937, polyurethane (PU) achọpụtala ihe dị ukwuu na mpaghara dị iche iche gụnyere njem, ụlọ, akwara na ọrụ ugbo. A na-eji ihe ndị a rụọ ọrụ dị ka plastics ụfụfụ, eriri, ndị na-eme mmiri, akpụkpọ anụ, ihe na-adọkpụ, na-adọba ọnụ, na-adọba ụgbọala na ọgwụ ọgwụ. Ihe ọdịnala na-eme bụ usoro ihe omume abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa na polyls polyls na obere obere molecular sex. Agbanyeghị, ihe na - egbu maramara nke Inocyyanates nwere nnukwu ihe egwu nye ahụike mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi. Ọzọkwa, a na-enwetakarị site na phosgene - ihe na-egbu egbu na-egbu egbu - na akwụkwọ anine kwekọrọ.
Na ìhè nke ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ nke oge agụmakwụkwọ na-eme ka usoro mmepe na-adịgide adịgide na-enyocha ụzọ akwụkwọ akụkọ na-enweghị usoro nke polynetanites (Nipu). Akwụkwọ a na-ewebata ụzọ nkwadebe maka Nip mgbe ị na-enyocha ọganihu na ụdị dị iche iche nipdị nipu na-atụle atụmanya ọdịnihu ha iji nyekwuo nyocha maka nyocha ọzọ.
1 njikọta nke polyurethanes
Nchịkọta nke mbụ na-eji carbamate dị ala na-eji carnated carnates jikọtara ya na mkpụrụ osisi Aliphatic mere na mba ofesi na 1950s-akara na njikọta nke polysurethan polyyan. Ugbu a enwere usoro ọmụmụ abụọ maka ịmepụta nipu: nke mbụ metụtara mmeghachi omume nke a n'etiti carbonates 50 carbonates na ọnụọgụ abụọ; Nke abụọ gụnyere mmeghachi omume nke polycondens metụtara diurethane n'etiti diol dị n'akụkụ diol nke na-akwado ntụgharị nhazi nke dị n'ime karọmates. Enwere ike inweta miedayxyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyylate site na carclic carbonate ma ọ bụ carbonate dimenate (DMC); Na-eme ka usoro a na-eme emegharị site na iche iche acbonic dị iche iche na-eme ka carbamate na-arụ ọrụ.
Akụkụ ndị a na-akọwapụta ụzọ atọ dị iche iche na-aga n'ihu na polyurethane na-enweghị a inocyanate.
1.1bintiolury cyclic carbonte
Enwere ike ịhazi nipu nwere ike ịhazi site na mgbakwunye Sazọ ndị ọzọ na-emetụta ọnụọgụ abụọ cyclic carbonate tinyere ọnụọgụ abụọ dịka egosipụtara na eserese 1.
N'ihi ọtụtụ hydroxy dị iche iche na-eme ugboro ugboro na-emegharị ya na nhazi nke ihe a na-eme n'usoro a n'ozuzu na-enye ihe a gwara Polyurtethane (Phurroxy. Leittch et al. Nchọpụta ha gosipụtara na otu Hydroxy n'ime Pus ngwa ngwa na-etolite agbụ hydrogen na nitrogen / oxygem / oxyge atọ dị na ngalaba dị nro. Mgbanwe ọdịiche dị n'etiti ndị dị nro na-emetụtakwa omume njikọta Hydrogen yana Microphase kewapụ ogo nke mechara metụta njirimara arụmọrụ.
A na-eme ihe dị n'okpuru ala dị iche iche karịa 100 Celsius CE na-ebute usoro mmeghachi omume nke na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe dị iche iche na-eme ka ọ dị iche iche (DMF) na-enwekarị mmeghachi omume na-enweghị mmeghachi omume na ebe dị n'etiti otu ụbọchị Ruo mgbe ụbọchị ise na-amịkarị obere molecular dị mkpirikpi n'okpuru ihe dị ka ihe dị elu na-eme ka ebe nchekwa na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na-eme ka ihe dị mma na-eme ihe mkpuchi.
1.2mocylic carbobontate carbonate
Carbonlic carbonlic na-emeghachi omume ozugbo na-ebute ihe dicarbamate nwere njedebe nke ndị ọzọ na-aga n'ihu na-eme ka ndị otu ọdịnala na-egosi na-egosi site na ọgụgụ 2.
A na-ejikarị ihe ndị Monocylic na-arụ ọrụ na-agụta ndị otu athonlene na-eme ihe na-eme ka ihe dị iche iche dị iche iche na-eme ka ọ dị iche iche. Cultinating ahịrị na-aga n'ihu na ngwaahịa ngwaahịa na-aga n'ihu na-egosi ihe na-eme ka ihe dị ka ihe dị ka125 ~ 161 ~ 164 ~ 16MPA elu ọnụego nso na-eru1476%. Wang et et. Ihe mgbochi13k ~ 28k G / Mol Tensile ike ga-eme ka ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe 2 ~ 17 ~% ~ 235%.
Cyclocarbonic Esta na-etinye aka na ya na-achọghị ka ọ ghara ịchọ petalticals ọnọdụ na-anọgide na-enwekarị sistemụ nrụpụta dị mma na-ahụ maka nhazi kachasị dị mma na-ahụ maka Suvirung200 Celsius. Ihe karịrị mbọ dị iche iche na-eme ka ọ ghara ịmịnye polymenization / deglycysis na-eme ka metmenation na-eme ka usoro ndị ọzọ dị iche iche na-ebute ụzọ na-ebute ụzọ na-aga n'ihu.
1.3Dimethyl carbobobote
DMC na-anọchite anya ụda olu / ndị ọzọ na-abụghị ihe na-egosi ọtụtụ ọrụ methyl / carbony / carbony na-eme ka ihe ndị na-agagharị na-esochi ihe ndị ọzọ Obere-yinye-na-eji diolics / nnukwu-polynol mejupụtara ihe omume na-eduga na mmalite nke ọrịa na-achọ - mgbe ọ bụla polymer na-ahụ anya site na eserese3.
Democat yọd.al siri ike na-agagharị na Sodium Metchest na-eme ka usoro ihe dị iche iche na-eme ka ihe dị iche iche na-eme ihe ngosi (-30 ~ 120 ~ 120 ~ 120 ~ 120 ~ 120 ~ 120 ~ 120 ~ 120 ~ 120 ~ 120 ~ 120 ~ 120 ~ 120 ~ 120 Celsius C). Pan Dongdong họpụtara usoro ejikọtara na DMC Hexameethycarnate-viyalcohol na-egosipụta nsonaazụ metrigi-ike na-abịakwute1000% -1400%. Nchọpụta nyocha na-eme ka ndị na-eme ka ihe dịgasị iche na-egosi oke na-eme ka ndị ọzọ na-eme ihe na-eme ka ihe ndị na-adịghị mma na-eme ka ihe ndị na-eju afọ AT230 ℃ na-achọgharị na-eme ka ihe na-enweghị ike na-eme ka ọ dị mma na-eme ka ọ dị mma Ihe dị mkpa ga-eme ka ọ bụrụ na ị na-ebelata iyi mmiri na-emebi emebi bụ naanị methanol / obere moolile-diolilis na-eme ka ndị na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ na-eme ka ihe nkiri na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ.
2 akụkụ dị iche iche dị iche iche nke polyurtethane
2.1 Polywerhane
A na-ejikarị polyurethan (Peu) mee ihe n'ihi oke mkpuchi nke agbụ na-emegharị, ntụgharị okpomọkụ dị ala na nguzogide na-eguzogide nguzogide.
Kebir et al. Polyhesethanized polyurethani na DMC, polyethylene glycol na belages dị ala (78 ~ 148 ℃), na ike na ndị ọzọ na-egosi siri ike igbo mkpa nke ojiji. Ndị otu nyocha Zingo Jangbo ji Etylenemiine na polygymine na polyethylene glycol, ike na oge ezumike. Ibu molecular nke usoro nke polyteries nke polyurethanes bụ 17 300 ~ 21, na-agbaze ọnụego mmalite nke 200% oge niile bụ 69% ~ 89%.
Onu ogugu nke zheng Liuchun na LE Chonchedine na-abanye na 1, 6 - hexametlenine na polytetrahydlenine na polytetrahydrooldioldioldiol (mn = 2 000). Usoro nke poly polyurethanes (NIPUU) na ụzọ ndị na-abụghị Inocyanate kwadebere, na nsogbu na-agagharị nke etiti n'oge mmeghachi omume n'oge mmeghachi omume. Ọdịdị na akụrụngwa nke poly polyurethane (HDIPU) kwadebere site na nhipeu na 1, 6-hexametlene diisocyanate tụnyere, dị ka egosiri na Isiokwu 1.
| Sampul | Obere akụkụ siri ike /% | Molecular ibu / (g·mol ^ (- 1)) | Ntinye akara nke na-ekenye ego | Ike TSSA / MPA | Elongation na ezumike /% |
| NIPUUL30 | 30 | 74000 | 1.9 | 12.5 | 1250 |
| Nipeu40 | 40 | 66000 | 2.2 | 8.-8 | 550 |
| HDIPU30 | 30 | 46000 | 1.9 | 31.3 | 1440 |
| HDIPU40 | 40 | 54000 | 2.0 | 25.8 | 1360 |
Tebụl 1
Nsonaazụ na tebụl 1 na-egosi na ọdịiche dị n'etiti Nupuu na HDIPU bụ n'ihi na nke siri ike. Ndị otu URA mepụtara site na mmeghachi omume dị n'akụkụ nke dị n'akụkụ patters nke akụkụ ahụ nke akụkụ ahụ nke akụkụ siri ike nke akụkụ siri ike, na-ebute nkewa dị ala nke ngbaee. N'ihi ya, akụrụngwa ọrụ ya dị njọ karịa HDUPU.
2.2 Polyester polyurethane
Polyester polyurethan (penu) na polyester diol dị ka akụkụ dị nro nwere ezigbo biodegrabity, ma enwere ike iji ya kwadebe scafolds nke injinịa nke anụ ahụ. Polyester Diols na-ejikarị ya na akụkụ dị nro bụ Polybutylene gbanyere DIol, polyglycol etinyere DIol na polycaprolactolactone diol.
N'oge gara aga, Rokicki et al. Etylene carbonate na-emeghachi omume na-acha odo odo na diol dị iche iche (1, 6-hexanediol, 1, 40-Dodecanol) iji nweta nipu dị ala ma dị ala tg. Farhadian et al. Iji mmanụ supycyclic na-eji mmanụ sunflower mkpụrụ osisi dị ka akụrụngwa, wee gwọọ ya na 90 ℃ maka thermosettetane Polyetane Polyerane, nke gosipụtara ezigbo nkwụsi ike. Krismas nke Zhang Liqun sitere na Mahadum South China nke Cycboness na carclic cyclates, wee banye na bibisethated polyester polyester polyurethan. Otu nnyocha Zin nke ZINB na Nịga Actions nke ihe siri ike nke sayensị, wee nwee ike iji ya mee ihe na-enweghị isi nke Polyertetane, nke a ga-eji ya mee ihe agba. Ìgwè nyocha nke zheng Liuchun na LETHIOL jiri adịm atọ na-eme ihe dị iche iche (octaniol, hexadiol, hexadiol, hexadiol, hexadiol, hexadiol, hexadiol, hexadiol dị iche iche iji kwadebe polyester diols dị ka akụkụ dị nro; Otu ìgwè nke polyester polyurethan (Peru), nke a na-akpọ aha ndị america nke carbon nke ndị Aliphatic na-agbaze prepymer siri ike nke BHC na Diols. Ngwongwo igwe eji eme ihe nke peru na table 2.
| Sampul | Ike TSSA / MPA | Na-agbanwe agbanwe/ MPA | Elongation na ezumike /% |
| Peru4 | 6.9±1.0 | 36±8 | 673±35 |
| Petu6 | 10.1±1.0 | 55±4 | 568±32 |
| Peru8 | 9.0±0.8 | 47±4 | 551±25 |
| Petu10 | 8. 8.8±0.1 | 52±5 | 137±23 |
Tebụl 2
Nsonaazụ na-egosi na akụkụ dị nro nke peru4 nwere njupụta carbony kacha elu, nke kachasị ike hydrogen na akụkụ siri ike, yana ogo nkewa oge. Igwe mkpu ike nke akụkụ siri ike ma sie ike, na-egosi ike dị ala na ike tensi, mana nke kachasị elu na ezumike.
2.3 polycarbonate polyurtethane
Polycarnate polyurtethane (PCU), ọkachasị Aliphaatic PC na-eguzogide iguzogide nguzogide na biomon atụmanya dị n'ọhịa biomedine. Ugbu a, ọtụtụ nipu kwadebere na-eji polyols na polyester poylols dị ka akụkụ dị nro, ma enwere akụkọ nyocha na polycarbonate polycurhanet.
Polycarnate polycarnate polycarhate kwadebere site na onye otu nyocha nke Tian Henshhui na South China University nke teknụzụ nwere oke molecular nke ihe karịrị 50 000 g / mol. A na-akọkwa mmetụta nke ọnọdụ nke polymer ọmụmụ, mana akọwaghị akụrụngwa ya. Zheng Liuchun na LONYGEng onye nyocha na-eji DMC, hexaniamine, hexadioline na polycarbonate diol, aha ya bụ PCu dị iche iche nke ngalaba nke na-eme ugboro ugboro. A na-egosipụta akụrụngwa arụmọrụ ahụ na tebụl 3.
| Sampul | Ike TSSA / MPA | Na-agbanwe agbanwe/ MPA | Elongation na ezumike /% |
| Pcu18 | 17±1 | 36±8 | 665±24 |
| PcU33 | 19±1 | 107±9 | 656±33 |
| Pus46 | 21±1 | 150±16 | 407±23 |
| « | 22±2 | 210±17 | 262±27 |
| Puc67 | 27±2 | 400±13 | 63±5 |
| Pussu82 | 29±1 | 518±34 | 26±5 |
Tebụl 3
Nsonaazụ na-egosi na PCU nwere nnukwu molecular dị elu, ruru 6 × 104 ~ 9 × 104g / mol, na-agbaze na 137 ℃, ike na Tensile ruo 29 MPA. Enwere ike iji ụdị PCU a dị ka plastik na-enweghị isi ma ọ bụ dị ka ihe atụ dị mma na mpaghara akụrụngwa nke mmadụ (dị ka akwara anụ ahụ).
2.4 ngwakọ na-abụghị lonocyanate polyurtethane
Ngwakọta ngwakọ na-abụghị counyurtethan (ngwakọ nipu) bụ mmeghe nke resin epoxy resin, silica ma ọ bụ na-arụ ọrụ nke polyurethane ma ọ bụ nye arụmọrụ polyertane dị iche iche.
Feng yọdan et al. Epoxy soybean nke sitere na CE2 ka contic cyclic cyclic cyclic (CSBE) na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma. Ahịhịa molecular nwere ogologo n 'ogologo na-agbanwe agbanwe nke Oleic acid / linolec acid. O nwekwara ngalaba ọzọ dị egwu, nke mere na o nwere ike ọrụ dị elu na elu ike. Researchersfọdụ ndị na-eme nchọpụta na-ahụkarị ụdị mkpụrụ osisi nipe na-eme ka ihe dị iche iche na-adịghị mma na-adịghị mma. Ngwakọ Nipu abụghị naanị ihe njiri mara Nipe Nipe, mana ọ nwere ike ịnwe adhesion, acid na alkali corrosion iguzogide, nguzogide na-eguzogide na ike alkali.
3 Outlook
A kwadebere nip na-ejikere na-enweghị iji ihe na-egbu egbu, a na-amụ ugbu a n'ụdị ụrọ, mkpuchi, na-addesieve, ma nwee ụdị atụmanya ngwa. Agbanyeghị, ọtụtụ n'ime ha ka nwere nyocha nke ụlọ nyocha, ma enweghị nnukwu mmepụta. Na mgbakwunye, na oganihu nke ụkpụrụ ndụ ndị mmadụ na uto na-aga n'ihu nke chọrọ, nipu ya na otu ọrụ ma ọ bụ ebe nchekwa onwe ya, na-adị ọcha, iguzogide na ihe ndị ọzọ. Ya mere, nyocha ndị ga-eme n'ọdịnihu weta nsogbu nsogbu nke mmepụta ihe ma gaa n'ihu na inyocha uzo nke nkwadebe nipu.
Oge Post: Ọgọst-29-2024